For many, nanotechnology is viewed as merely a way to make stronger and lighter tennis rackets, baseball bats, hockey sticks, racing bikes, and other athletic equipment. But nanotechnology promises to do so much more. A more realistic view is that it will leave virtually no aspect of life untouched and is expected to be in widespread use by 2020. Mass applications are likely to have great impact particularly in industry, medicine, new computing systems, and sustainability. Here are some underlying trends to look for, many interconnected, and all expected to continue to accelerate. "One of the most important issues related to nanotechnology is systems integration and packaging. ....how do we integrate these building blocks in a rational manner to make a functional device or a system? This step requires design based on the understanding of nanoscale science, and on new manufacturing techniques. .... Assembling large quantities of nanostructures in a rational and rapid manner requires tooling, imaging systems, instrumentation, sensors, and control systems. After nanostructures are assembled into functional devices, they need to be packaged so that they can interact with their environment and yet retain the nanoness that provides the unique function and performance. These concerns are similar to those found in conventional manufacturing, though there is a call for a level of precision that is not required by macroscale designers."